The Joys and Despairs of Playing Video Games free essay sample

Do you arrive at level 80 on World of Warcraft? Or on the other hand do you beat all of New Super Mario Brother’s universes in a single day? Have you gotten exhausted of the entirety of your computer games that you have to reset every one of them? On the off chance that you said yes to any of these inquiries, at that point you may be dependent on computer games. This may alert you in the event that it is valid, however please remain quiet. I’ll be straightforward with you. I play computer games myself, yet I don’t go over the edge with it. Computer games are fun, yet in light of the fact that you have them doesn’t mean you can disregard them. You despite everything need to work out. Playing computer games over and over again can prompt some downright terrible reactions like increment of weight, harming in the thumbs and hand joints. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome is regular in regular daily existence, for example in the event that you message 2000 words per day, p lay computer games for quite a while, or just more than once utilize your hands. We will compose a custom paper test on The Joys and Despairs of Playing Video Games or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Don’t feel that all the things about computer games are awful. They help a great deal with deftness, and they develop muscle in your grasp. But on the off chance that you do it to an extreme, at that point your fingers could start to hurt. You might be believing that you don’t play computer games or you don’t have computer games. All things considered, in the event that you play tabletop games, at that point you are in danger for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, since you are as yet moving your hands over and again. In the event that you do get Carpel Tunnel Syndrome from playing such a large number of computer games, you can get a support, get infusions, or simply quit doing what exasperated it. â€Å"But there is a little possibility of that event, and I type on the PC the entire day and my fingers are as yet the same†, says Zachary Bruennig. All things considered, Zach, there is something else that becomes possibly the most important factor, and that is your age and youth. It doesn’t influence you until you get in your later 20’s. You may have computer games and simply play one out of 61 that you have. Be that as it may, in the event that you play that one game constantly, at that point you may in any case be in the I have no life and a dependence on Mario Bros class. Enslavement doesn’t need to occur with the games with a huge amount of viciousness or fighting in them. Compulsion can be in any game that you like, and that you are great at. This could be a game, activity game, music game or any game on the planet. There are a great deal of topics like Mario and Luigi, Sonic the Hedgehog, Megaman, Rock Band, or Guitar Hero. So computer games are fun, however abusing them has costs. The significance of this entire article was not to point video gamers off course, yet just to advise teenagers and youthful grown-ups to enjoy a reprieve now and then to rest your hands and attempt to not play them for 5 hours in a row.

Opposing Views of the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Essay -- Econom

Contradicting Views of the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Financial approach is a ground-breaking administrative weapon which has truly demonstrated that it is hard to employ. This trouble is one reason why a few financial analysts question the adequacy of fiscal strategy in general. These financial analysts locate that money related arrangement is hard to actualize in view of estimation issues and time slack issues, just as cyclic impacts. They likewise call attention to circumstances in which money related approach may not work by any means. Then again, a few financial analysts depend on money related strategy as one of the most persuasive monetary instruments. These financial specialists show that controlling cash gracefully in America is a moderately youthful thought, and is growing quickly. They additionally endeavor to show that cash flexibly influences numerous factors in our economy, and that it is helpful in a bigger number of circumstances than the counter money related strategy business analysts, Keynesian financial analysts, wou ld have us accept. To measure the insufficiency of money related strategy a few financial specialists point out our the extraordinary gloom. How could administrative monetarists permit one fourth of the nation to be unemployed[1] or for 33% of business banks to be made bankrupt by â€Å"bank panics?†[2] People who participated in these bank frenzies were taking out their â€Å"own† cash, yet were taking out potential advances for other people (the sum they took out increased by the cash multiplier) which in the long run got 31% of the absolute cash supply.[3] The financial specialist best fit to utilize money related arrangement would have the option to tell the future, or if nothing else give a quite decent gauge. These evaluations are exceptionally troublesome when at times the consequences of approach activities are not seen for a considerable length of time to longer than a year. Redresses of these ... ...ed: Mishkin, F.S. The financial matters of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. 6th Edition. 2003. Schwartz, A.J. Cash Supply. The Concise Encyclopedia of financial matters. The Library of financial aspects and Liberty. On the web: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/MoneySupply.html Meltzer, A.H. A Liquidity Trap? On the web: http://www.gsia.cmu.edu/afs/andrew/gsia/meltzer/a_liquidity_trap.pdf On the web: http://www.korpios.org/resurgent/Fed.htm What Role did the Fed Play in Causing the Great Depression? Ueda, K. Discourse at Japan Society of Monetary financial matters. December, 2001. On the web: http://www.boj.or.jp/en/press/koen072.htm#0202 On the web: http://www.arts.unimelb.edu.au/amu/ucr/understudy/1997/Yee/depression.htm The Cause of the Great Depression in 1929. On the web: http://www.shambhala.org/business/goldocean/causdep.html What Caused the Great Depression of the 1930’s?

Word of the Week! Existential Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Existential Richmond Writing This word seems easy enough. The adjective refers to existence. That is, indeed, the earliest definition in The OED Online, of or relating to the existence of a thing. That sense goes back as far as the 17th Century. Outside of academia, one often encounters the word in the sense of being a matter of life or death. Ive heard   North Korean nuclear weapons, unmarked asteroids hurtling by the Earth, and slowly mounting climate change all referred to as existential threats to human civilization or even the survival of our species. If only, however, it were that stark. We would have a very short post indeed this week, but we can blame mid-20th-Century philosophers and writers for making matters existential so complex. Here the OED and other references take us into the realm of existential philosophy, or existentialism. If you have read the works of Sartre or Camus, you may consider it a gloomy school of thought. Read The Stranger, or any of American author Paul Bowles austere and beautiful fiction to encounter the core of existentialism: that humans are alone in an indifferent if not hostile universe. Our actions, while freely chosen on our parts, mean, finally, nothing. Yet an existentialist philosophy need not be so bleak. Ive been reading Mans Search For Meaning by Viktor Frankl, after running across the work as a reference in an article about the value of failure in learning. Frankl, an Austrian psychologist, not only survived Auschwitz and, almost as harrowing, a Bavarian concentration camp in the Second World Wars last months, but he practiced medicine in the latter camp. He had little to offer fellow prisoners aside from a few aspirin doled out by the SS and kind words. Despite contracting typhus, Frankl reconstructed a manuscript seized from him at Auschwitz. It contained a new system of psychology that Frankl called logotherapy. This was an existentialist form of therapy to address what the psychologist called the existential vacuum of modern life, where cultural traditions have waned and leisure time often results in mere boredom. Frankls theory and practice emphasize focusing on creating meaning in ones life and pursuing goals, even in the bleakest situations. Thats hardly gloomy, yet there too our word of the week speaks to the essentials of human existence. This blog will continue all summer, so nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here. Images of Viktor Frankl, by Prof. Dr. Franz Vesely, and of Paul Bowles courtesy of Wikipedia.

The Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri Essay - 2228 Words

There is no doubt that Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) has made a momentous contribution to Medieval literature in general and Italian in particular. He is best known for his magnum opus, The Divine Comedy. It is a brilliant masterpiece of literature which students read as a part of their curriculum in literature courses, in order to probe the mind of a genius commenting on both temporal events and the spiritual, scientific, and philosophical themes and concerns of his predecessors and peers, thereby rendering it one of the most incredible works of the Middle Ages. As a matter of fact, the Divine Comedy has been widely read, from the time of its emergence until the present, due to its vivid and memorable depiction of three realms of the afterlife in the Roman Catholic milieu of his day: Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. Dante’s Divine Comedy, though, touches upon very sensitive topics, including, but not limited to, racism, anti-Semitism, and Islamophobia. In this paper, I would like t o focus specifically on anti-Semitism and Islamophobia, particularly those incidents conveyed in the Inferno. Dante offers a number of harsh criticisms of the Abrahamic traditions, and treats some of their most eminent and historical figures in a dreadful manner. The question, which I intend to address, involves discussion of the current debate surrounding what are called â€Å"trigger warnings† in academic circles, in terms of whether or not such warnings are necessary in the teaching of the Divine Comedy.Show MoreRelatedThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri873 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Divine Comedy† is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri. He wrote the epic sometime between 1308 and 1321, the year he died. It is considered one of the greatest works of world literature. He wrote â€Å"The Divine Comedy† while he was exiled from Florence, Italy (Bishops 182). â€Å"The Divine Comedy† recounts Dante’s idea of the afterlife. It is written in a first person perspective and follows Dante’s journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. At the time Dante wrote the Divine Comedy, Italy wasRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri1725 Words   |  7 PagesIn composing the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri has created and brought to his readers three examples of literary brilliance. A masterfully written poem that still serves as a preface for contemporary heaven/hell/purgatory imagery, the divine comedy brings readers along for the ride on Dante’s path towards salvation. Depending on how gullible one may be, interpretation of the legitimacy of the Divine Comedy is varied; that is to say, although a few might believe Dante actually did somehow travelRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesDante Alighieri is known as one of the greatest Italian poets. One of Alighieri’s most famous works of art would be his poem called the Divine Comedy written in year 1320. The poem itself has a heavy Christian influence and it entails the journey of Dante, the protagonist as he travels through hell, purgatory and finally paradise. Additionally, the poem captures Dante’s journey as he gets closer to god. As Dante first enters Inferno, (also known as hell), he meets Virgil, who is not only his mentorRead MoreThe Divine Comedy Dante By Dante Alighieri1101 Words   |  5 Pagestry our best or we give up and follow other paths. Dante Alighieri, born in Florence, Italy in 1265, was born into a very power hungry age. Mor ality was not very high on someone’s to-do list. In the Divine Comedy Dante makes a point of writing about those that have done him wrong and placing them where the â€Å"belong†. But Dante does not only expose the bad people in his life but the bad people all over the world and he also includes himself. Dante writes his book to scare others into changing to beRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri1277 Words   |  6 PagesDante Alighieri wrote the Divine Comedy from 1308-1320. The story narrates Dante’s pilgrimage through hell, purgatory, and heaven while guided by Virgil and Beatrice. Throughout this journey Dante conforms himself to virtue, properly orders his passions, and conforms his conscience, â€Å"Dante s psychopoiesis operates through the mimetic deformation, reformation, and transformation of conscience† (Macready, 2). This essay will examine what a true conscience is according to the Catechism of the CatholicRead MoreThe Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri Essays983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieris The Divine Comedy, Purgatory Dantes The Divine Comedy section of Purgatory is a depiction of Dante and his struggle to reach paradise. He is a character as well as a narrator. The purgatory section deals with the seven deadly sins and Dantes task of cleansing himself on his journey to heaven. He confronts many different people on his journey to self-righteousness, which help and guide him to his destiny. Accompanied by Virgil or reasonRead MoreThe Allegorical Messages of The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri 598 Words   |  2 PagesThe beginning lines of The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri indicate a pragmatic journey through the dark woods. It is soon evident that The Divine Comedy is in terms of an allegory. Midway through his life, Dante finds himself lost and in darkness. He is confused and unaware of how he has ended up in these dark woods. Dante soon comes across Italian poet Virgil, who will guide him through the Nine Circles of Hell. Dante Alighieri’ s The Divine Comedy: Inferno portrays Dante’s life and adventure throughRead MoreDante Alighieri and his Divine Comedy Essay596 Words   |  3 PagesDante Alighieri (1265-1321) was an Italian poet in the Middle Ages. The Divine Comedy, of which Inferno is a part, is considered the greatest literary work in the Italian language and a masterpiece. Inferno is the story of Dante the pilgrim’s journey from the dark wood of error through Hell, led by Virgil. This is Dante the pilgrims opportunity to recognize his sins; he is given the opportunity to see how the error of his ways will be punished if he does not change. In Dante’s Hell, the punishmentRead MoreThe Vaule of Personal Development in The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri1209 Words   |  5 PagesIn Italian Dante Alighieri (1265) Poem, The Divine Comedy Inferno, Translated by Mark Musa. Dante demonstrates the value of personal development which is the ability to keep a balanced life and continuously learn f rom past mistakes in order to create a better future. Dante begins the poem wrapped in his own thoughts and suffering but by the end of the poem he begins to understand other’s sufferings beyond his own. In his growth throughout his journey he learns about pain and sorrow that he cannotRead MoreHow Literature Changed a Nation: Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy1146 Words   |  5 PagesMaking change in a time of dark beliefs and harsh criticism is a difficult task to achieve. The poet, Dante Alighieri’s world was one filled with spirituality and stigmas. Unlike many other artists of his time, he completed his most famous and influential work in Europe’s 1300’s. Dante’s piece, The Divine Comedy, demonstrates the journey one takes throughout life, to find one’s self and connect with the world and religion, all through three volumes of poetry. Of his talent, came a business of the

The United States Aviation Security - 888 Words

More than a decade ago, a tragic and one of the saddest incidents in our history occurred on U.S soil. On September 11, 2001 the United States were attacked by a group of terrorist who were able to infiltrate our security system from all angles. It was a very tragic event for the U.S, when terrorist attacked two landmarks in New York City, a densely populated area. Although this terrorist attack was very unfortunate, it was also the largest infiltration of the United States Aviation system through multiple breaches of aviation security. Immediately after the attack many changes were made to aircrafts and the airport system. This Day brought America to its knees, however at the same time, illustrated the weakness of America’s Security methods in identifying threats and terrorist activities. Prior to 9/11 the airlines and airports were responsible for managing the screening checkpoints .The aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 was passed shortly after September 11, to address the immediate needs of aviation security. This act caused the birth of Transportation Security Administration (TSA) under the U.S department of transportation, who were then now responsible for handling all screening at all U.S airports. With all the new directives some rules were implemented immediately, where as others took a while before they were in effect. Some of The new rules that were implemented immediately were that passengers were banned from carrying knives, box cutters, andShow MoreRelatedAviation Security : The United States2113 Words   |  9 PagesAviation Security has evolved over the past 40 to 50 years showing the constant change in terrorist acts in which the security of all passengers, crew, and aircrafts are at risk. The United States Government must, now, stay up to date with the newest technology for screening passengers and their belongings. The technology was not available 50 years ago, making it much more difficult for countries to maintain safer environments in their airports. Hijackings in the United States was a major shift inRead MoreAviation Security: An Increased Focus and Concern919 Words   |  4 PagesAviation Security: Aviation security primarily exists in order to prevent criminal activities in airports and on aircrafts in general. Civil aviation security is geared towards preventing criminal activities like sir piracy or hijacking, attack on passengers and aviation employees, and destruction of aircrafts. While aviation security was a minor concern in the initial years of aviation, it has become a major issue of concern in the modern world. Actually, civil aviation security is a high priorityRead MoreAviation Security and Al Qaeda in Yemen: Findings and Recommendations923 Words   |  4 PagesAviation Security and al Qaeda in Yemen Aviation Security and al Qaeda in Yemen: According to reports by many administration officials, al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) has tried on various occasions to attack the United States homeland. As a result, the Yemen-based terrorist group or organization is regarded as the most lethal affiliate of al-Qaeda network. Since December 2009 to December 2010, AQAP has tried to attack the American homeland at least of two separate occasions. The firstRead MoreThe Global Air Transport Industry1515 Words   |  7 Pagesdoubling Chile or Singapore. There are 13.4 million indirect jobs in industries supplying the tourism industry are supported by visitors that fly in. These include employment and activities of suppliers to the air transport industry, places like aviation fuel suppliers; construction companies that build airport facilities; manufacturers of goods sold in airport retail outlets; suppliers of sub-components used in aircraft; and a wide variety of activities in the business services sector. CompaniesRead MoreBusiness 360 Airport Safety And Security1005 Words   |  5 Pages Aviation Cyber Security Yulissa Menendez Aviation Management Business 360 – Airport Safety Security Dr. Robert Aceves Section: PQ March 2nd, 2015 Abstract The aviation industry has rapidly changed and is constantly expanding because of new technology entering the market. Currently the passengers are more linked with airlines and flights though technology. New technology produces a high risk of disturbance. Thus, airlines need to take action to maintain passengers and flight informationRead MoreScope And Complexity Of The Aviation Transportation Industry825 Words   |  4 Pagescomplexity of the aviation transportation industry is one that requires cooperation on local, state and federal levels, as well as, international agreements of cooperation in its ability to monitor, gather information, investigate, defend and recover from attacks against the industry. Elias (2010) states that the roles for which each entity is responsible is guided by specific authorities, existing laws and regulations and the availability of assets and capabilities. Prior to 9/11, the security of aviationRead MoreCase Analysis On Airport Security Screening 1209 Words   |  5 PagesCase Analysis on Airport Security Screening Following the tragic events of September 11th, 2001, the 107th Congress passed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, establishing the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) (History, 2014), and transferred the responsibility for civil aviation security from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to the TSA (Statute and Regulation History, 2012). The Act was passed in just two months following the terrorist attacks, and likely wouldRead MoreScreening at Aiports After September 11, 2001 Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesseries of four coordinated attacks against the United States by a known terrorist group, Al-Qaeda, in New York City and Washington, D.C. (Associated Press, 2003). These attacks changed the security of aviation throughout the nation. After 9/11, the image of general aviation (GA) was tarnished because the 9/11 hijackers trained in small GA aircraft in the United States (Elias, 2010). Even though the hijackers trained on GA aircraft the area of aviation th at experienced the largest overhaul is screeningRead MoreThe Evolution Of The International Civil Aeronautics Organization1586 Words   |  7 Pages International Civil Aeronautics Organization Research Paper Kyle Whigham Middle Tennessee State University Prior to World War I, with the increasing number of international flights around the world, delegates from 18 European nations gathered in Paris, France at a conference to discuss international air law code. No decision was reached prior to World War I breaking out, and many of the European nations involved in the discussion had their attentions drawn to more pressing issues, foremostRead MoreSeptember 11th And The World Of Aviation1415 Words   |  6 PagesMacy Oller Mr. Litz American Lit 09 December 2016 September 11th and the World of Aviation September 11, 2001 was a Tuesday and changed air transportation as we know it. This devastating day in history was when a total of four American Airlines airplanes were hijacked. Most collided with important United States buildings. The first two planes intentionally collided with each of the Twin Towers in New York. Shortly after, the third plane hit the Pentagon in Virginia. Amazingly, the passengers on

Research Paper on Elctrocardiogram (Ecg) Free Essays

Introduction The major function of the heart is to force blood in to a closed system of blood vessels within which the blood is confines and circulated to the entire body. Heart’s activity can be compared to a muscular pump equipped with one way valves. With each heartbeat, an electrical impulse travels through the heart and causes the heart muscle to squeeze and pump blood from the heart. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Elctrocardiogram (Ecg) or any similar topic only for you Order Now These electrical impulses, transmitted through the heart, are spread throughout the body. This electrical activity of the heart can be detected on the body’s surface and recorded with an instrument called an electrocardiograph. A graphic record of heart activity is called an electrocardiogram. An electrocardiogram is also called an EKG or ECG. Sometimes the test is called a 12-lead EKG or 12-lead ECG. This is because the heart’s electrical activity most often is recorded from 12 different places on the body at the same time. A healthcare provider may recommend an electrocardiogram if a person has signs and symptoms that suggest a heart problem (National Institutes of Health, 2010). Examples of signs and symptoms may include chest pain, breathing problems, unusual heart sounds, palpitation etc. However, this test can screen for early heart disease that has no symptoms. An ECG may be done as part of a routine health exam and may be used for routine screening before major surgery. Also, this test can be ordered to check how well heart medicine or a medical device, such as a pacemaker, is working (National Institutes of Health, 2010). ECG results can be used by the healthcare provider to help plan treatment for a heart condition. Different types of electrocardiograms Many heart problems are present all the time, and thus a commonly used 12-lead ECG test is sufficient to detect any of these problems. However, certain issues, such as those related to irregular heartbeats, can come and go. They may be present for only a few minutes out of the day, or while performing specific daily activities (e. g. , exercising). In these situations, special types of ECGs are used to help diagnose these types of problems. The different ECGs that can be used in these situations are: †¢Stress test: During stress testing, exercise or medications are used to make heart beat faster and work harder while conducting the ECG. †¢Holter monitor: This is a portable device that records the electrical signals of he heart for a full 24 to 48 hour period (Pagana Pagana, 2010). This is also called as an ambulatory ECG, as daily activities can be performed while wearing it. †¢Event monitor: This is a portable device like holter monitors, but they can be worn for more than a month and are used to detect abnormalities of short duration and that occur infrequently. This paper discusses 12-lead ECG tha t is most commonly used in health care settings. Explanation of ECG test and related physiology A typical ECG has three distinguishable waves or deflections. The relationship between the deflections waves of an ECG and sequential excitation of the heart is shown below (The Biology corner, 2011) Figure1. The sequence of excitation of the heart related to deflection waves of an ECG tracing. The first wave, the small P wave, lasts about 0. 08 s (Marieb Mitchell, 2010). This wave results from movement of the depolarization wave from the heart’s SA node through atria. The second wave, the QRS complex is the largest waves of all the three waves. It results from ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction. Average duration of the QRS complex is 0. 08 s (Marieb Mitchell, 2010). A prolonged QRS complex may indicate a right or left bundle branch block in which one ventricle is contracting later than the other. The third wave, the T wave is caused by ventricular depolarization and typically lasts about 0. 16 s (Marieb Mitchell, 2010). The P-R interval represents the time between the beginning of atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization and it lasts about 0. 16 to 0. 18 s. A longer interval may suggest a partial AV heart block caused by damage to the AV node (Marieb Mitchell, 2010). Lack of impulses through AV node may indicate a total heart block. The Q-T interval is the period from the beginning of ventricular depolarization and repolarization that normally lasts 0. 31 to 0. 41 s (Marieb Mitchell, 2010). The shorter Q-T interval may indicate tachycardia, and a longer may indicate bradycardia. Normal/abnormal findings In a healthy heart, the size, duration and timing of the deflection waves tend to be consistent. For this reason, changes in the pattern or timing of the ECG may reveal a diseased or damaged heart or problems with the heart’s onduction system (Marieb Mitchell, 2010). An ECG gives two major kinds of information. First, by measuring time intervals on the ECG, a doctor can determine how long the electrical wave takes to pass through the heart (Pagana Pagana, 2010). Finding out how long the wave takes to travel from one part of the heart to the next shows if the electrical activity is normal or slow, fast or irregular. Second, by measuring t he amount of electrical activity passing through the heart muscle, a cardiologist may be able to find out if parts of the heart are too large or are overworked (Pagana Pagana, 2010). Normal ECG values include a heart rate of 60 to100 beats /min and an even and consistent heart rhythm (National Institutes Of Health, 2010). Abnormal ECG results may indicate a sign of following health issues: †¢Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) †¢Cardiac muscle defect †¢Congenital heart defect †¢Faster than normal heart rate (tachycardia) †¢Slower than normal heart rate (bradycardia) †¢Heart valve disease †¢Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) †¢Changes in the amount of electrolytes (chemicals in the blood) †¢Past heart attack †¢Present or impending heart attack An electrocardiogram may be performed to diagnose additional conditions which are not listed above. ECG Procedure and Patient preparation The patient does not need to take any special steps before having an electrocardiogram. However, the nurse may ask about the medicines the patient is taking as some medicines can affect the results. Also, the nurse performing the test may instruct the patient to avoid exercising or drinking cold water immediately before an ECG, as it may cause false results. The procedure of an ECG is painless and harmless. A nurse will attach soft, sticky patches called electrodes to the skin of chest, arms, and legs. The patches are about the size of a quarter. Often, 12 patches are attached to patient’s body. This helps detect the heart’s electrical activity from many areas at the same time. The nurse may have to shave areas of the skin to help the patches stick. After the patches are placed on patient’s skin, he/she will lie still on a table while the patches detect heart’s electrical signals (Pagana Pagana, 2010). During the ECG recording, nurse may instruct the patient to lie quietly for 10-20 seconds, because the electrocardiograph will detect any muscle or body movement. A machine will record these signals on graph paper or display them on a screen. The entire test will take about 10 minutes. After an electrocardiogram, the nurse will remove the electrodes (soft patches) from the patient’s skin. Patient may develop a rash or redness where the EKG patches were attached. This mild rash often goes away without treatment. Patient usually can go back to his/her normal daily routine after an ECG. Summary An electrocardiogram is a painless, non-invasive diagnostic test that records heart’s electrical activity. This test shows, how fast a heart beats, whether the rhythm of the heart is regular or irregular and the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through each part of the heart. Healthcare providers use this test to study and detect many heart problems and the results of this test can also suggest other disorders that affect heart function. Conducting an ECG when appropriate is a primary step in increasing a patient’s survival, and leads to a clearer, gained understanding of what is actually happening to a patient’s heart. How to cite Research Paper on Elctrocardiogram (Ecg), Essays

Social Problems and Issues in Pakistan free essay sample

Historically, the dominant role played by Punjab, which is home to over 55 percent of the population and provides the bulk of the army and bureaucracy, has caused much resentment among the other three provinces. There had been little support for the independent state of Pakistan among Sindhis, Balochis, and Pashtuns; in fact NWFP and Balochistan had resisted incorporation into Pakistan. Ever since, Pakistan has battled secessionist movements in NWFP, Balochistan, and Sindh. In the early years, the deepest ethnic fault lines existed between the countrys east and the west wings, which resulted in Pakistans break-up in 1971.East Pakistan, predominantly ethnic Bengali, became the new independent state of Bangladesh. Grievances among and within provinces abound, especially over economic inequities and scarce resources. Pakistans major political parties are also divided along regional or ethnic lines, resulting in a lack of parties that can respond to national concerns. Monster of Economy Pakistans economy suffered serious setbacks from the floods in August 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Problems and Issues in Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The government forecasted economic growth would drop to 2. 5 percent in 2010-2011 from 4. percent the previous year. Higher inflation is forecasted, and a growing fiscal deficit is expected to worsen as revenues remained low with a narrow tax base. Electricity shortages also cripple the economy and have often become the cause for violent protests in recent years. Plus, the economy relies heavily on textiles, which account for two-thirds of export income. The country averted a balance of payments crisis in 2008 with help from the International Monetary Fund, and in 2009 the current account deficit shrank with a pullback in imports and 18 percent growth in worker remittance inflows. The economy also suffers from low foreign direct investment due to increasing security problems. Pakistans government has long prioritized defense expenditure over investment in education and healthcare, which impedes its global competitiveness. High illiteracy rates, poor access to education and healthcare, and widening gender and socioeconomic gaps are expected to add to the states challenges, while fueling the narrative of militant groups seeking to use public disenfranchisement as broader recruiting tools. According to the United Nations, more than 60 percent of Pakistanis live on less than $2 a day, making Pakistan one of the worlds poorest states. Social Indicators Health Life Expectancy at Birth: 67 [Source: World Bank, 2008] Education (Literacy rate by gender) Adult Female Literacy Rate: 40 Adult Male Literacy Rate: 66.Adult Male Literacy Rate: 66. 8 [Source: UNESCO, 2008] Poverty Percentage of Pakistanis living below $2/day: 60. 3 [Source: UN Human Development Report, 2007] Although Pakistan is governed by a parliamentary form of civilian representation, the countrys strongest institutions have long been its army and primary intelligence service, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). The constant tug between a powe rful army and a weak civilian government has impeded social development, as military rulers have frequently put more resources toward guarding against attack from rival India than social and economic development. A series of constitutional reforms have sought to limit executive powers and extend greater autonomy to the provinces to counter potential military takeovers. But fundamental changes to the civil-military relationship are required. A slow and inefficient judicial system rife with corruption, and lacking infrastructure and resources, has also fueled public frustration that has been exploited by militant groups in the past. From these competing challenges have emerged a varied set of political, judicial, and non-governmental actors.There are over ninety registered political parties in Pakistan representing a range of ethnic, secular, and religious constituencies. Islamic parties, some with ties to militant groups, have at times proven effective in building support to challenge the status quo. But around a half dozen major parties led by powerful families dominate civilian politics. The feudal systemwhere a small number of landholders control vast resourceshas been a cause for great socio-economic inequity. Powerful landowning families have dominated politics and exercised significant control over national affairs through the bureaucracy and the armed forces.Identification Challenges Population: 97% Muslim (77% Sunni, 20% Shia); 3% Hindus, Christians, and other religious groups. (Note: The numbers are based on the last census conducted by the government of Pakistan in 1998. ) Pakistan grappled with the question of its identity even before it was formedwhether to be a secular democratic country for Muslims and other religious minorities or an Islamic state. The early death of Pakistans founder, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, left the role of religion in society unsettled.The break-up of the country in 1971, when the east wing seceded to become the new state of Bangladesh, further added to the young nations insecurities. Since its formative years, Pakistans rulers have used Islam to define national identity. Both civilian and military governments have allowed religious extremist organizations to flourish and used them as instruments of state policy. In the 1980s, the military and the intelligence services, funded by Saudi Arabia and the United States, helped train and support Islamist fighters against the Soviets in Afghanistan.Pakistans leading role in the anti-Soviet campaign in Afghanistan also led to the radicalization of some of its Islamic religious schools or madrassas, where students were encouraged to join the Afghan resistance. The Pakistani army also backed Islamist militants fighting Indian rule in the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Another consequence of the states use of Islam for political purposes has been sectarian conflict and competition for official patronage between and within the many variations of Sunni and Shia Islam.Militancy While Pakistans military establishment has long been preoccupied with a conventional war against India, Pakistan has, since its inception, viewed indigenous militant groups as valuable proxies in its fight for regional influence. Immediately after independence in 1947, bands of insurgents were recruited to infiltrate areas of Indian-administered Kashmir to spur revolts; today groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba continue to stage operations in Kashmir with impunity, say many analysts.In Afghanistan, mujahadeen warriors partially funded by the United States and Saudi Arabia during the Cold War are today seen by some in Pakistan as unofficial members of their security structure. Many analysts believe Pakistans powerful Inter-Services Intelligence, or ISI, continues to foster close ties with proxy militant forces. Yet a historical reliance on militant groups has shown signs of backfiring, with some jihadi groups turning against the Pakistani state. In general, Pakistan-based militant groups can be divided into five categories, each with different targets, tactics, and motivations.They include: Kashmir-focused groups (like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Muhammad), Pakistan-focused groups (such as Tehrik-i-Taliban), Afghan-f ocused fighters (like the Quetta Shura Taliban), transnational groups (al-Qaeda chief among them), and sectarian elements (most notably Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan). Nuclear Deterrence Pakistans nuclear ambitions were born in the 1950s as a deterrent to Indias conventional military superiority; the war with India in 1971 and the subsequent breakup of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) prompted leaders in Islamabad to pursue nuclear weapons. Indias successful test of a nuclear device in 1974 spurred the rush to weaponize. By the mid-1980s, with assistance from European countries and China, Pakistan had mastered uranium enrichment technology, and in 1989, the United States concluded Pakistan possessed a nuclear warhead. Pakistan and India became full-scale nuclear-armed adversaries when, on May 28, 1998, Pakistani scientists tested their nations first nuclear device. Pakistan has since broadened its nuclear program by building civilian power and research reactors; it has also explored plutonium production technologies.According to some experts, Pakistan has the fastest growing nuclear arsenal in the world with seventy to ninety nuclear weapons and produces enough enriched uranium each year for five to six bombs. Control of its arsenal is governed by the armys Strategic Plan Division. Yet security of the countrys nuclear stockpile remains a significant concern (NewYorker) for Western and regional interests. There are also lingering fears about technology proliferation, given revelations in 2004 that Pakistans top nuclear scientist, A. Q.Khan, operated an international proliferation network. Relations with; INDIA Relations between India and Pakistan have been tense since August 1947, when Pakistan was carved out of territories in British-ruled India. The partition led to at least half a million deaths and massive population transfers. At the time of partition, both countries claimed the territory of Kashmir, a Hindu-ruled state with a Muslim majority. While academics on either side dispute the details, Kashmirs ruler eventually decided to accede to India, sowing decades of conflict. The neighbors have fought three wars and numerous skirmishes along the border. New Delhi accuses Pakistan of helping and supporting militant groups that target India. Islamabad, on the other hand, accuses India of fueling insurgency in Baluchistan. Both countries are increasingly competing for influence in Afghanistan, where Pakistan views Indias burgeoning relationship with Kabul as a threat to its interests in the region. Scarce resource sharing, especially of water, has emerged as another flashpoint. The rivalry has also resulted in a nuclear arms race between the two countries.The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan shifted the balance once more, causing Washington to enlist Islamabads support in countering the perceived Soviet threat. Yet when the Soviets withdrew in 1989, American support for Pakistan followed. In the early 1990s, Congress conditioned future economic and military aid on Pakistani abandonment of its nuclear weapons technology. After al-Qaedas September 11, 2001 attacks in New York and Washington, plotted in Taliban-controlled areas of Afghanistan, Pakistan again became a major U. S. ally.But lack of trust and lingering anti-Americanism has tested this alliance. KASHMIR ISSUE Kashmir is at the center of rivalry between India and Pakistan. At partition, both countries claimed Kashmir, a Hindu-ruled state with a Muslim majority. Kashmirs ruler eventually decided to join India, but the decision was never accepted by Pakistan. The two countries have fought two wars and a limited conflict over the disputed Himalayan territory. Both countries continue to claim sovereignty over Kashmir; thousands of Indian and Pakistani troops remain deployed along the borders.India controls 45 percent of Kashmir, Pakistan 35 percent, and the rest is held by China. Throughout the 1990s, Indian-administered Kashmir was wracked by separatist militancy supported by Islamabad. Over fifty thousand people have died in Indian Kashmir in the last two decades because of insurgency, Indian military excesses, and cross-border fighting. By the late 2000s, the insurgency had been largely vanquished by most accounts, but the Indian troops remained.In the summer of 2010, near-daily clashes between stone-throwing Kashmiri youth shouting slogans for freedom and the Indian security forces fueled a vicious circle of violence. Some Indian analysts dubbed the phenomenon Kashmir intifada as cry for self-rule grew louder in Indian-administered Kashmir. Numerous peace efforts between India and Pakistan have been tried over the last decades; most progress was made between 2004 and 2007 with increased people-to-people contact and greater trade.Yet a diplomatic solution remains elusive. CHINA Pakistan refers to China as its all-weather ally, as opposed to the United States, which is considered a fair-weather friend. Since establishing diplomatic ties in 1951, China and Pakistan have developed a close relationship that each values as a strategic hedge against their historical rival India. Border disputes lie at the heart of India-China rivalry; both claim vast swathes of each others territory along their long Himalayan border.India lays claim to Aksai Chin, a part of Kashmir under Chinas control, while China claims the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh on the eastern sector of the border. Pakistan also played a key role in U. S. -China rapprochement in the 1970s. China is Pakistans leading arms supplier and has provided Islamabad with major military, technical, and economic assistance, including the transfer of sensitive nuclear technology and equipment. China has helped Pakistan build two nuclear reactors and in 2010 announced its plans to build two more, as it continues to support Pakistans nuclear program. Bilateral trade has been on the rise, and China is investing in several large-scale infrastructure projects: highways, gold and copper mines, electricity complexes, power plants, and, most recently, a deep-sea port at Gwadar in Pakistans Baluchistan province on the Arabian Sea. SAUDI ARABIA Pakistans relationship with Saudi Arabia is built upon solid economic, religious, and strategic ties. Saudi Arabia sided with Pakistan during its wars with India, and along with the United States, the Kingdom helped Pakistan fund mujahadeen against the Soviets in 1980s Afghanistan.Saudi investment in Pakistan peaked in 2005 (see chart at left), especially in the technology and real estate sectors, while bilateral trade hit $4 billion annually in 2009. But foreign direct investment (FDI) from Saudi Arabia started declining in 2008 in keeping with Pakistans downward trend in FDI inflows. Saudi domestic economic factors and the global recession played a role. Pakistans poor economic performance and l ack of infrastructure coupled with growing security concerns and political instability have also been responsible for decline in foreign investment. Pakistanis are among the largest ex-pat communities in Saudi Arabia, providing roughly one million laborers. Today, Islamabad and Riyadh continue to maintain deep military ties. On the nuclear front, intelligence officials told the Guardian in May 2010 that Saudi Arabia has funded as much as 60 percent of Pakistans nuclear program, and Bruce Riedel of the Brookings Institution says Pakistan provides its Gulf state partner with an unspoken nuclear umbrella.But perhaps Saudi Arabias most noted contribution to Pakistani society is its religious export, particularly the madrassas preaching a conservative form of Sunni Islam, which were built with Saudi money in the 70s and 80s. Saudi-funded madrassas in the countrys tribal region have educated tens of thousands of Pakistani men, including graduates who would become founders of the Afghan Taliban.